You must have come across the irritating sound resulting from a sharp object scratching another rough surface. Ever wondered what it is called? Finger nails scraping a blackboard It is called 'Grima' Although it is not yet included in standard English, mostly Spanish speakers call it so, when they hear this unpleasant sound, resulting from a chalk or nails scratching against a blackboard, a fork scratching a plate, nails scratching a wall etc. Psychologists say, it should be considered distinct from other emotions. It is seen that some people can bear this sound to some extent whereas some can't bear it even for a second. What Spanish speakers mean by 'Grima' is, an unpleasant sensation, shivering and repulsion. Stimuli that draws it out , includes squeaking noises of doors, scratching with fingernails on surfaces etc. It is rated as less pleasant than disgust. It is also seen that people get a sensation of itchy skin and goosebumps in such cases. Research: Over ...
You must have noticed a wing-like structure fitted at the back of a car, shown in the image below. Ever wondered what that is called?
Techies / Mechies must be well aware of it, but the non-technical folks deserve to know about this, too.
This article is about 'Spoiler', the wing-like structure fitted at the back of any vehicle. You'll get to know why it is used and how it works.
Now a days, many people merely get it fitted on their cars to just make it look sporty, but it only works if the manufacturer fits it after doing research and development, performing several tests.
A spoiler is an automotive aerodynamic device whose work is to 'spoil' the unwanted air flow across the body of an automobile in motion, known as 'drag' - the resistance by air, flowing opposite to the direction of the motion of the vehicle.
Spoliers are usually fitted to the race or high performance sports cars. However, now a days, many automobile companies design passenger vehicles having a factory-fitted spoiler.
Function:
Spoilers are designed such that it disrupts some type of airflow passing around a moving vehicle. A typical spoiler diffuses air by increasing the amount of turbulence flowing over the shape, spoiling the laminar flow and providing a cushion for the laminar boundary layer.
The primary objective of majority of the spoilers used in passenger vehicles, is to reduce the drag and increase fuel efficiency. Cars could be equipped with both rear and front spoilers while the front spoiler is integrated with the front bumper and is often called 'Air dam'. This is used to decrease the amount of air going underneath the vehicle, to reduce the drag coefficient of lift.
Aesthetic benefit:
Due to their association with race or sports cars, spoilers are often viewed as 'sporty', by the customers, but aftermarket spoilers used on cars are nothing but just an aesthetic benefit and have no aerodynamic benefit at all.
Materials:
Spoilers play a significant role in automotive aerodynamics and so does the material chosen, to build it. Spoilers are usually made of light weight polymer based materials. some commonly used materials are as follows:


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